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Health & safety · Delhi

What the current air means for you, in plain language, and what to do about it.

Not medical advice. This is general information based on US EPA, India CPCB and WHO guidance. If you have a health condition, follow your doctor’s advice, and seek urgent care for chest pain, severe breathlessness or fainting.

Best time to go outside

Computed from the hourly CAMS forecast: the 2-hour window between 06:00 and 20:00 local time with the lowest average AQI. Models can under-read local peaks, so on high-pollution days the whole day may still be unhealthy. See the full forecast.

Sensitive groups

Guidance updates with the current air quality.

Children

Children breathe more air for their body size and their lungs are still developing.

  • Move sports and PE indoors when the air is unhealthy.
  • Avoid playing near busy roads, even on good days.
  • Watch for cough, wheeze or tiredness after outdoor play.

Older adults

Age-related changes in the heart and lungs, and more common underlying conditions, raise the risk from fine particles.

  • Prefer short, gentle walks at the cleanest time of day.
  • Keep regular medicines on hand and stay hydrated.
  • Ask for help with errands on very unhealthy days.

Asthma, COPD and other lung conditions

Particles and gases inflame the airways and can trigger attacks, even at moderate levels.

  • Carry your reliever inhaler and follow your asthma action plan.
  • Reduce intense outdoor exercise from the Moderate level upward if you are sensitive.
  • Use a HEPA purifier in the bedroom.

Heart disease and hypertension

Fine particles can raise blood pressure and the risk of heart attack and stroke, particularly over a few days of exposure.

  • Avoid strenuous outdoor effort when the air is unhealthy.
  • Seek care urgently for chest pain, palpitations or unusual breathlessness.

Pregnancy

Long-term fine-particle exposure is linked with poorer birth outcomes, so reducing exposure is sensible.

  • Limit time near traffic and smoke on poor-air days.
  • Consider an N95/FFP2 mask for unavoidable outdoor trips when air is unhealthy.
  • Talk to your doctor about any breathing symptoms.

Outdoor workers, commuters and delivery riders

Long hours outdoors, often with physical effort, mean a much higher inhaled dose.

  • Wear a fitted N95/FFP2 when AQI is Unhealthy or worse; cloth and surgical masks do not stop fine particles.
  • Take breaks in cleaner indoor spaces and schedule heavy tasks for cleaner hours.
  • Employers should reduce exposure on severe days.

PM2.5 vs PM10: why size matters

PM2.5 · fine particles

Smaller than 2.5 micrometres, about 30 times thinner than a human hair. They slip past the nose and throat, reach deep into the lungs and can enter the bloodstream.

  • Sources: vehicle exhaust, burning of crop residue and waste, industry, firecrackers.
  • Effects: heart and lung disease, asthma attacks, reduced lung growth in children.
  • Stays suspended for days and travels far, so it is the main driver of the AQI in most Indian cities.

PM10 · coarse particles

Smaller than 10 micrometres. Mostly trapped in the nose and upper airways, but can still trigger coughing, throat and eye irritation.

  • Sources: road and construction dust, soil, industrial grinding.
  • Effects: irritation, aggravated asthma and bronchitis.
  • Settles faster, so it varies more from street to street.

A high PM2.5-to-PM10 ratio suggests combustion (traffic, burning). A low ratio suggests dust. Masks matter more for PM2.5: use a well-fitted N95/FFP2, not a cloth mask.

AQI categories explained

Good

AQI 0–50

Air quality is satisfactory and poses little or no risk.

A good day to be outside.

Moderate

AQI 51–100

Acceptable, but unusually sensitive people may notice effects.

Fine for most people; unusually sensitive people should take it easier.

Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups

AQI 101–150

Children, older adults and people with heart or lung conditions should reduce prolonged outdoor exertion.

Sensitive groups should cut back on heavy outdoor effort.

Unhealthy

AQI 151–200

Everyone may begin to experience health effects; sensitive groups may experience more serious effects.

Everyone should reduce prolonged or heavy outdoor exertion.

Very Unhealthy

AQI 201–300

Health alert: the risk of effects is higher for everyone.

Health alert: avoid outdoor exertion.

Hazardous

AQI 301–500

Emergency conditions: everyone is more likely to be affected.

Emergency conditions: stay indoors.

India’s NAQI (CPCB) categories and health impacts
CPCB National Air Quality Index categories
CategoryNAQIPossible health impact
Good0–50Minimal impact.
Satisfactory51–100May cause minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people.
Moderately polluted101–200May cause breathing discomfort to people with lung disease such as asthma, and discomfort to people with heart disease, children and older adults.
Poor201–300May cause breathing discomfort to most people on prolonged exposure, and discomfort to people with heart disease.
Very poor301–400May cause respiratory illness on prolonged exposure.
Severe401–500May cause respiratory impact even on healthy people, and serious health impacts on people with lung or heart disease.

General precautions for polluted days

  • Check the AQI before planning outdoor exercise; move it to the cleanest hours or indoors.
  • Keep windows closed during peak pollution; ventilate briefly when the air is cleaner.
  • Use a HEPA air purifier in the room where you sleep, sized for the room.
  • Wear a fitted N95/FFP2 outdoors on Unhealthy days. Check the seal; beards and gaps reduce protection.
  • Avoid burning waste, mosquito coils and incense indoors; use exhaust fans when cooking.
  • Drink water, and see a doctor if cough, wheeze or chest tightness persists.
  • Avoid exercising near heavy traffic; parks away from main roads are better.
  • Around Diwali, prefer low-smoke celebrations and keep sensitive family members indoors during peak bursting hours.

Sources for this guidance

Guidance is paraphrased and simplified for readability. Follow the original documents and your clinician for decisions about your health.